Invecchiamento Cutaneo: cos’è, quali sono le cause e i rimedi per una pelle dall’aspetto giovane e sano

Skin Aging: what it is, what are the causes and remedies for youthful and healthy-looking skin

| Scritto da Silvia Piccoli

Skin aging is a natural process that affects the skin, our largest organ and a fundamental barrier between the body and the external environment. As time passes, the skin undergoes significant changes: wrinkles appear, elasticity is lost, tone diminishes, and a more "withered" appearance can emerge. Although this is an inevitable biological phenomenon, its effects can be slowed down and contained with adequate care and prevention.

Genetic factors, lifestyle, exposure to UV rays, and other environmental agents profoundly influence the speed and intensity of skin aging. As early as 25 years of age, the signs of time begin to appear, initially with subtle expression lines and, as the years pass, with deeper wrinkles, loss of volume, and tone.

Understanding the causes of this process and adopting effective strategies, from targeted treatments to simple daily gestures, allows us to preserve the skin's natural beauty and improve psycho-physical well-being.

At Terme di Comano, we combine thermal tradition and scientific research to offer an integrated approach to skin and body longevity. This approach, based on the Comano Method, combines the regenerating action of thermal water with targeted treatments, advanced dermo-cosmetics, and personalized pathways to improve quality of life. Feeling good, in fact, is the first step to living better and longer.

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Caricamento...

What is skin aging?

Skin aging is a natural and gradual process that affects the skin, marking time with visible and structural changes. As early as 25 years of age, the skin begins to show the first signs of this biological process: fine lines, loss of tone, and a reduced capacity for cellular regeneration. This phenomenon, also known as skin senescence, is characterized by the progressive reduction of skin elasticity, radiance, and firmness, and is linked to both internal and external factors.

Biologically, human skin is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Over time, each layer undergoes changes: in the epidermis, for example, cell renewal slows down, leading to the accumulation of dead cells; in the dermis, the production of collagen and elastin, essential for skin support and flexibility, decreases. Furthermore, sebaceous glands reduce their activity, causing dryness and reduced natural protection.

The skin aging process is influenced by two main categories of factors:

  • Intrinsic factors: linked to genetic heritage and age, these are responsible for the natural biological decline of the skin.

  • Extrinsic factors: depend on lifestyle and environment, such as UV exposure, smoking, pollution, and stress. Among these, photoaging, or aging caused by sunlight, is one of the most relevant and accelerating factors.

To learn more about the impact of free radicals on the skin and how oxidative stress contributes to aging, read our dedicated article on skin oxidation.

But now let's look at the causes in detail.

Causes: The Two Faces of Skin Aging

As anticipated in the previous paragraph, skin aging is influenced by both genetic causes (intrinsic) and external factors (extrinsic). Understanding these dynamics is fundamental to intervening effectively and preventing the most noticeable effects.

Intrinsic Aging: the natural passage of time

Also known as chronological aging, this process is primarily regulated by genetic and biological factors and is inevitable for every individual. It begins around the age of 25, although the first visible signs may appear later. It is a slow and gradual phenomenon, involving various aspects of skin structure:

  • Reduced cell turnover: With age, skin cells slow down their regeneration cycle, leading to an accumulation of dead cells on the skin surface. This results in duller, less radiant, and less even skin.
  • Thinning of skin layers: The epidermis and dermis lose thickness. The dermis, in particular, sees a decrease in the production of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (such as hyaluronic acid), reducing support and the ability to retain hydration.
  • Alterations of the protective barrier: The stratum corneum becomes less efficient at retaining moisture, increasing the risk of dehydration and making the skin more vulnerable to external aggressors.
  • Impact on color and texture: The decrease in melanocyte activity makes the skin more susceptible to sun damage, while alterations in collagen distribution lead to the appearance of wrinkles and loss of elasticity.

Typical manifestations of intrinsic aging include fine wrinkles, skin laxity, dryness (xerosis), and an overall pale and fragile appearance.

Extrinsic Aging: The Influence of the Environment

Extrinsic aging is closely linked to environmental factors and lifestyle habits that contribute to accelerating the skin's natural senescence process. This type of aging is strongly influenced by personal choices, making it partly preventable and manageable.

The main causes include:

  • Sun Exposure and Photoaging: UV rays are the skin's primary enemy. They cause damage to cellular DNA, accelerate the degradation of collagen and elastin, and stimulate the production of free radicals, leading to dark spots, deep wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and changes in pigmentation. To learn more about how to effectively protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun and prevent photoaging, consult our dedicated article on how to protect your skin from the sun, where you will find useful tips and strategies for optimal protection throughout the year.
  • Air Pollution: Pollutant particles in the air penetrate the skin, promoting inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn accelerates the degradation of skin structures.
  • Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking reduces oxygen supply to the skin, damages collagen, and accelerates the formation of free radicals, while alcohol dehydrates the skin and compromises its regenerative capacity.
  • Diet Poor in Antioxidants: An unbalanced diet, rich in sugars and poor in vitamins and minerals, contributes to the glycation of skin proteins, reducing elasticity and promoting wrinkle formation.
  • Lifestyle and Stress: Lack of sleep, excessive stress, and a sedentary lifestyle compromise the skin's repair mechanisms, exacerbating the signs of aging.

The manifestations of extrinsic aging include deep wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, loss of tone, marked dryness, and an irregular texture.

Oxidative Stress: a bridge between intrinsic and extrinsic factors

At the root of many extrinsic causes is oxidative stress, a process in which free radicals (unstable molecules) damage cellular structures, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. In young skin, natural antioxidants neutralize free radicals, maintaining a balance. With age and in the presence of aggravating factors (sun, smoke, pollution), this balance is compromised, leading to permanent damage.

The Effects of Skin Aging: the Most Evident Visible Symptoms and Signs

Skin aging manifests itself through a series of progressive signs that change the appearance and structure of the skin. These visible symptoms not only reveal the passage of time but also reflect the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors. Among the most evident manifestations are wrinkles, loss of volume, reduced elasticity, and alterations in skin tone and texture.

  • Wrinkles: the first signs of time

    Wrinkles are probably the most recognizable sign of skin aging. They begin to appear around 25-30 years of age, initially as fine lines in specific areas such as:

    • The periorbital area: known as "crow's feet" or smile lines, they form on the outer part of the eyes and are among the first to emerge.
    • The forehead: here, horizontal lines appear due to frequent facial expressions, which become deeper over time.
    • The glabella: vertical wrinkles develop between the eyebrows, often linked to muscle tension.
    • Nasolabial folds: these deep wrinkles between the nose and mouth are associated with loss of elasticity and skin laxity.

  • Volume loss: a change in the structure of the face

    As we age, the skin loses its ability to maintain volume, leading to a more contracted or hollowed appearance of the face. This phenomenon, often described as "sagging contours," manifests as:

    • Loss of facial profile definition: the cheeks become hollow, giving a tired or sad appearance.
    • Skin sagging: this is evident in areas such as the chin and neck, causing the so-called "turkey neck."
    • Effect on perceived mood: a less "full," hollow-looking face can be misinterpreted as sad or stressed, even in the absence of these emotions.

  • Loss of elasticity and deep wrinkles

    After the age of 50, the skin undergoes significant structural weakening. The loss of elasticity is a phenomenon that uniformly affects the entire skin surface, not just specific areas. This leads to:

    • More pronounced wrinkles: deep lines that cross the face, accentuated by muscle movement and tissue relaxation.
    • Skin dryness: the reduction in sebum production and the decrease in hyaluronic acid levels lead to drier, rougher skin.
    • Loss of radiance: the skin appears dull and lacks the radiance associated with youth.

  • Other signs of skin aging

    In addition to wrinkles and loss of volume and elasticity, aging manifests with other visible symptoms:

    • Pigmentation spots: mainly caused by photoaging, they appear as brown or reddish spots, especially on areas most exposed to the sun.
    • Complexion changes: the skin tone becomes less even, with an irregular texture and reduced ability of the skin to reflect light.
    • Skin thinning: the reduction in the thickness of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue makes the skin more fragile and vulnerable.
    • Increased sensitivity to UV rays: the decrease in the number of melanocytes reduces natural protection against sun damage.

The stages of skin aging

The skin aging process develops gradually, following three main age-related phases:

  • 20-30 years old

    At this stage, the skin is still young and healthy, thanks to rapid cell renewal. However, the first signs of premature aging, such as fine lines or loss of tone, can appear, especially due to unhealthy habits or excessive sun exposure. It is the ideal time to start targeted prevention.

  • 30-40 years old

    The initial signs of aging become evident. Wrinkles start to appear more permanently, especially on the forehead, around the eyes, and near the mouth. The complexion may lose its radiance, while the skin begins to show reduced elasticity. At this stage, it is crucial to use specific treatments to prevent the worsening of the signs of aging.

  • Over 40 years old

    Mature skin shows more pronounced signs, with deep wrinkles, sagging facial contours, and hyperpigmentation. Skin dryness becomes more accentuated, with progressive loss of volume and increased sensitivity to external agents. This phase requires a more intensive approach, including dermatological treatments and advanced technologies to improve skin quality.

  • Ages 65 and over

    At this stage, the skin often shows more evident signs of aging. The skin tissue loses elasticity, becoming more fragile and thinner. It is therefore common to find withered skin, which appears dehydrated, marked by pronounced wrinkles and with an irregular texture. The combination of intrinsic factors, such as the natural decline in collagen production, and extrinsic factors, such as accumulated sun damage, contributes to this condition. To address skin aging at 65+, it is essential to adopt a targeted skincare routine, with products rich in moisturizing, nourishing and regenerating agents. Ingredients such as hyaluronic acid and retinol can improve skin elasticity and firmness, while specific masks and professional treatments can give a smoother and brighter appearance.

How to slow down skin aging: prevention, treatments, and the Comano Method

Skin aging can be slowed down through a combination of prevention, targeted treatments, and the use of specific products. To maintain young, hydrated, and radiant skin, it is essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle, integrating correct daily habits with the latest innovations in dermo-cosmetics and aesthetic medicine.

The Terme di Comano approach is inspired by the Comano Method, an integrated system that combines scientific knowledge, the regenerating action of thermal water, and advanced dermo-cosmetics. This method aims to preserve skin beauty and overall well-being, promoting longevity that goes beyond external appearance, improving quality of life, and slowing down the signs of aging.

Key elements to slow down skin aging

1. The Comano Method

The Comano Method is based on four fundamental pillars:

  • Experience and method: a multidisciplinary team offers diagnostic check-ups, specialist visits, and personalized plans to promote healthy aging.
  • Thermal water and scientific research: drinking, bathing in, and breathing the thermal water of Comano not only improves the skin but also promotes the balance of the intestinal microbiota, as demonstrated by studies published in Dermatology and Therapy.
  • Nature as a source of well-being: Natural Wellness activities in the Thermal Park promote balance between body and mind, highlighting the healing role of nature.
  • Advanced dermocosmetics: Terme di Comano Skincare products combine nature and technological research, offering effective solutions to slow down the signs of aging.

2. Innovation and epigenetics: a new approach to aging

A central element of the Comano Method is epigenetics, the science that demonstrates how environmental factors and lifestyles influence gene expression. According to this discipline, 80% of diseases can be prevented through conscious behaviors. This means that adopting a healthy routine not only slows down skin aging processes but also improves longevity and quality of life.

3. Advanced treatments for youthful, healthy, and radiant skin

Aesthetic medicine, according to the philosophy of Terme di Comano, is not only corrective but also preventive: it aims to avoid the development of imperfections and possible secondary damage. This integrated approach combines effectiveness and safety, offering targeted treatments to improve skin tone, elasticity, and firmness.

Treatments available at our facility

1. Biorevitalization 

Biorevitalization treatments use substances like hyaluronic acid, polynucleotides, amino acids, vitamins, and other natural stimulants. These elements, already present in our tissues, integrate perfectly, improving skin tone, elasticity, radiance, and reducing small wrinkles. These injectable treatments are well-tolerated, non-invasive, and do not alter facial volumes, offering a natural and therapeutic effect. 

2. Carboxytherapy 

This innovative therapy uses carbon dioxide (CO₂) injected into the dermis to stimulate the release of oxygen from red blood cells, improving tissue oxygenation. This process regenerates microcirculation, stimulating the production of essential substances for skin well-being. Carboxytherapy also offers a lipolytic action, proving effective against cellulite and in improving skin elasticity and tone, without the use of chemical substances. 

3. Professional Massages 

Aesthetic treatments include massages aimed at stimulating blood circulation and improving skin tone. These interventions not only help keep the skin elastic and radiant, but also promote deep relaxation, improving overall well-being. 

4. Vitamin C Detox Illuminating Treatment 

Among the most innovative proposals at Terme di Comano, the Vitamin C Detox Illuminating Treatment stands out, designed to restore radiance and freshness to the skin. This intensive treatment combines the moisturizing and toning effect of Thermal Water Spray, the plumping and illuminating power of the Vitamin C + Retinol Superconcentrated Serum, and the nourishing properties of the Global Age Rich Texture Cream. Combined with the destress connective tissue massage technique, it promotes toxin elimination and leaves the skin more hydrated, smooth, and silky. Ideal for those who desire a rested and radiant appearance, it represents a unique experience to regenerate the skin and improve overall well-being. 

These interventions, combined with the active ingredients present in Terme di Comano Skincare products, offer a complete path for those who wish to take care of their skin, preventing and improving the signs of aging in a natural way that respects individual characteristics. 

The products of Terme di Comano

To address the signs of aging, Terme di Comano offers a range of innovative products, formulated with thermal water, advanced ingredients, and cutting-edge technologies. The integration of high-performance active ingredients, such as the Longevity System, and inspiration from aesthetic medicine make these products ideal for preserving skin beauty and health.

AQUA+TECH line products for youthful skin: 

  • Superconcentrated Vitamin C+Retinol Serum: an innovative face and neck treatment inspired by aesthetic medicine. Its advanced formula combines gradual-release vitamin C and retinol with the Longevity System, a complex that acts on the epigenetics of mature skin. It firms, brightens, and evens out skin texture, with visible results within the first few weeks. 
  • Pro Multi-Perfection Filler Cream: an anti-aging cream specifically formulated for mature skin, with micro-encapsulated retinol, plant extracts, and the Longevity System. It stimulates skin tone and elasticity, providing volume and counteracting loss of firmness. Natural ingredients, such as monk fruit extract, rebalance epigenetics, improving the skin's natural radiance. 

Other recommended skincare products: 

  • Superconcentrated Hyaluronic Acid Serum: a powerful cosmetic booster with hyaluronic acid of two molecular weights and a prebiotic system. It intensely hydrates, improves firmness, and evens out the skin, reducing signs of fatigue. 
  • Global Age Eye and Lip Contour Cream: a delicate cream for eyes and lips that restores radiance and hydration. Thanks to draining ingredients, it reduces puffiness and dark circles, improving the elasticity of the most delicate areas of the face.  
  • Global Age Rich Texture Cream: a soft face and neck cream with plant stem cells and stabilized vitamin C, ideal for combating wrinkles, dryness, and loss of elasticity. It deeply nourishes and promotes the restoration of lipid balance.  
  • Global Age Fresh Texture Cream: a light cream for a unifying and relaxing effect, enriched with hyaluronic acid and thermal water. Ideal for those looking for a fresh and hydrating treatment.  
  • Water Crystal Mask: a gel mask with a lifting effect and moisturizing booster. Ideal for sensitive skin or after aesthetic treatments, it provides freshness and radiance. 
  • Global Age Eye Contour Patch Mask: hydrating patches for the eye contour, ideal for smoothing wrinkles and toning the skin. 
  • Men's Hydro-Restorative Emulsion: a light emulsion that hydrates and protects men's skin, reducing signs of stress and redness. 

Special kits for a complete treatment 

Terme di Comano also offers specific kits for a complete anti-aging routine:

  • Filler-C Kit: includes Pro Multi-Perfection Filler Cream and Superconcentrated Vitamin C+Retinol Serum in travel size, ideal for effective skincare even when away from home. 
  • Booster Serum Kit: a set of two concentrated serums for hydration and firming, perfect for revitalizing and brightening the skin. 

Therefore, a global approach that combines prevention, advanced treatments, and the use of specific products like those from Terme di Comano's anti-aging line can make a difference in slowing down the signs of aging. Skin, adequately cared for and protected, not only appears younger but also maintains its well-being in the long term. 

Skin aging: our experts' tips

As already stated, skin aging is an inevitable phenomenon, but with the right care, it is possible to slow down its signs and maintain healthy, radiant skin. The experts at Terme di Comano have answered the most common questions about skin aging, providing useful tips for optimal skin care.

1. When does skin aging begin?

Skin aging begins around age 25, although it is almost imperceptible at first. At this stage, cell renewal begins to slow down, and the first fine lines appear, often around the eyes. This is the right time to start taking targeted care of your skin.

2. What are the main causes of skin aging?

The causes of skin aging are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic. The former are linked to genetic heritage and the natural aging process, while the latter include environmental and behavioral factors, such as sun exposure, smoking, pollution, and dehydration.

3. Does the sun really accelerate skin aging?

Yes, the sun is one of the main culprits of premature aging. UV rays damage collagen and elastin, accelerating the appearance of wrinkles, spots, and loss of elasticity. For this reason, it is essential to protect the skin with high SPF sunscreens throughout the year, even in less sunny months.

4. Is sun protection important in winter too?

Yes, sun protection is essential in all seasons. Even during the winter months, UV rays can damage the skin. Using sunscreen, combined with specific moisturizing products, helps prevent photoaging and maintain healthy skin.

5. Why is it important to moisturize the skin?

Dehydration is one of the main causes of premature aging. Moisturizing the skin helps preserve its elasticity, prevent wrinkle formation, and maintain a bright and firm appearance. A product like Terme di Comano's Hyaluronic Acid Superconcentrated Serum can provide intense and targeted hydration.

6. Which anti-aging treatments are most suitable?

The choice of treatments depends on age and skin condition. Around 30, moisturizing serums and creams with ingredients like hyaluronic acid are recommended to prevent the first wrinkles. After 40, more intensive treatments, such as those containing retinol or peptides, are useful to combat more pronounced signs of aging. Products like the Global Age Rich Texture Cream or the Filler Pro Cream are ideal for mature skin that requires greater nourishment.

7. Does smoking have negative effects on the appearance of the skin?

Yes, smoking accelerates the skin aging process. It reduces collagen production, promotes dehydration, and contributes to the formation of deep wrinkles. Quitting smoking not only improves overall health but also has a positive impact on the appearance of the skin.

8. Is it possible to prevent premature skin aging?

Certainly. To prevent premature aging, it is important to apply a high-protection sunscreen daily, maintain a diet rich in antioxidants, moisturize the skin regularly, avoid smoking and alcohol, and adopt a healthy lifestyle, with adequate sleep and moderate physical activity.

9. What can I do to improve the appearance of my skin?

Mature skin requires specific treatments to improve elasticity, hydration, and tone. It is essential to use creams rich in hyaluronic acid and retinol, such as the Water Crystal Mask, to deeply moisturize and smooth the skin. Furthermore, dermatological treatments such as radiofrequency or transdermal delivery can stimulate collagen production and improve the appearance of fine and deep wrinkles. Maintaining a proper skincare routine, always protecting the skin from UV rays, is a fundamental step.

10. What is the ideal routine to prevent and combat skin aging?

The ideal routine to combat skin aging involves three fundamental phases: cleansing, treatment, and protection. In the morning, start with a gentle cleanse to remove impurities and prepare the skin for subsequent treatments. Follow with eye contour and then with a specific serum, such as the Hyaluronic Acid Superconcentrated Serum, for intense hydration and a plumping effect. Apply a day cream suitable for your needs, for example, the Global Age Fresh Texture Cream, to nourish and protect the skin. Don't forget to apply a high SPF sunscreen, essential for preventing damage caused by UV rays.

In the evening, after thoroughly cleansing the face to remove makeup and pollution residues, use a regenerating treatment such as an eye contour and the Vitamin C+Retinol Superconcentrated Serum. Complete with a rich night cream, such as the Filler Pro Multi-Perfection Cream, to help the skin regenerate during rest. Once or twice a week, treat yourself to an intensive treatment with the Water Crystal Mask for deep hydration and a lifting effect.

By following this daily routine, customized according to your age and skin type, you can effectively prevent the signs of aging and maintain radiant and healthy skin.

Conclusion

Skin aging is a natural process, but its most obvious manifestation is not inevitable. By adopting a holistic approach that includes prevention, advanced treatments, and targeted skincare, it is possible to slow down the signs of aging and preserve the health and beauty of the skin.

At Terme di Comano, thanks to the Comano Method, we integrate scientific knowledge, innovative dermatological treatments, and the beneficial power of thermal water to guide you towards profound and lasting well-being. The concept of longevity is not limited to prolonging external youth but promotes a balance between body and mind, with the aim of living better and longer.

Experience the difference with our specific treatments and products, designed to preserve your beauty at every stage of life and to offer you healthy, young, and radiant-looking skin.

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